Fig. 1: Drug resistant temporal lobe epilepsy induces blood-brain barrier leakage and Cldn5 downregulation in the hippocampus.
From: Microvascular stabilization via blood-brain barrier regulation prevents seizure activity
a Representative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) images from 4 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE, top panel). Colour bar represents slope of contrast agent. b T2 weighted images (middle panel) and (c) fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images (bottom panel). d Claudin-5 (CLDN5; green) and CD31 (red) staining in non-diseased autopsy control (CNTRL) and TLE cases. Scale bars, 20 μm. e Collagen-IV (ColIV; green) and IgG (red) staining in CNTRL and TLE cases. Scale bars, 50 μm. f Levels of CLDN5 were significantly decreased (**p = 0.0042) and g IgG was significantly increased (****p < 0.0001) in the brains of TLE cases vs CNTRL. Data represent means ± s.e.m.; each datapoint represents one patient. Number of subjects (n) is indicated on graphs. Two-sided Mann–Whitney test for immunohistochemical and western blot analysis. **p < 0.01; ****p < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
