Fig. 3: Phase modulation and the dynamics involved.
From: Full 2π tunable phase modulation using avoided crossing of resonances

Full-wave calculations of the dependence of reflected light on\(\,{E}_{F}\) for a dimerized Si grating on a a–c continuous sheet of graphene and d–f separated by parallel graphene nanoribbons of widths 36.7 nm (center) and 319.7 nm (side) as shown in the device structures schematically illustrated in the insets. g–i illustrate the results of the TCMT model described in the text. Panels a, d, g, show the complex reflection coefficients at 41.27, 41.20, and 41.27 THz, respectively, as \({E}_{F}\) is varied from 0 to 1 eV. Open circles throughout the curves indicate Fermi levels spaced out by 0.1 eV, starting from 0 eV. b, e, h, and c, f, i, plot the frequency dependence of the reflected intensity and phase, respectively.