Fig. 5: Phase modulation with different graphene mobility values.
From: Full 2π tunable phase modulation using avoided crossing of resonances

a Complex reflection coefficient trajectories with different mobility values for the graphene sheet case. Full 2π phase modulation does not occur without the avoided crossing with graphene plasmons, despite the increasing mobilities and therefore the decreasing linewidths. b Complex reflection coefficient trajectories with different mobility values for the graphene ribbon case. Open circles throughout the curves in both A and B indicate Fermi levels spaced out by 0.1 eV, starting from 0 eV. The device structures are illustrated in the insets.