Fig. 5: ZEB1-induced new ERα target genes are implicated in the invasion.

a Heatmap showing the gene expression levels of the top 20 genes from the RNA-seq data analysis, grouped to highlight treatment-specific signatures (as indicated on the side). Red rectangles around gene names indicate the candidate genes selected for validation and functional assays. b, c mRNA levels of candidate genes determined by RT-qPCR (mean ± SEM, n = 3 biologically independent experiments). d Bar graphs representing the changes in the 3D invasion ability of spheroids (n = 3 biologically independent samples, each including n = 2 replicate wells) formed from cells with (+DOX) or without (−DOX) ZEB1 expression upon knocking down the expression of MUC16, ESR2, DSCAM, and P2RX7 with the respective shRNAs. Note that the values for shScr in −DOX/+DOX spheroids (gray and orange, respectively) are from the same data points in all graphs. veh, E2, FI, and ICI stand for vehicle, 17β-estradiol, forskolin + IBMX, and fulvestrant, respectively. Error bars represent the standard errors of the means. All time points are shown in Supplementary Fig. 8d. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.