Fig. 2: NEAs enable reliable and noninvasive recording of intracellular action potentials (iAPs).
From: Nanocrown electrodes for parallel and robust intracellular recording of cardiomyocytes
A A representative raw trace of NEA recording from a human pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hPSC-CM). NEAs measure extracellular action potential (eAP) spikes before electroporation (time window 1), and high amplitude iAPs waveforms after electroporation (time window 2). B Simultaneous iAP recordings from 15 NEA channels show synchronous beating of hiPSC-CMs in the same culture. The 3-second traces are vertically shifted for clarity. C Overlay of 15 amplitude-normalized iAPs illustrates 40-ms phase shift in depolarization time. D Four of the 15 iAPs are aligned to their rising times. They show distinct iAP durations and waveforms for hPSC-CM in the same culture. E Simultaneous iAP recording from all NEA channels at t = 15 min after many rounds of manual electroporation (excluding channels 6 which is defective, and 13 & 48 which are not NEAs). F Twelve daily recording sessions of eAPs and iAPs from the same cell. The recording session started at day 38 on device. For each recording session, eAPs were first measured for 1 min before an electroporation pulse was applied, which converted the signal to iAPs. Each recording session lasted < 30 min and the culture was returned to the incubator afterward. Electroporation-induced membrane pores resealed after every recording session and high quality eAP signals were detected for next recording session.
