Fig. 4: Immune reaction of macrophages following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
a Schematic of the experimental flowchart of SARS-CoV-2 infection of macrophages. b Heatmap analysis of cytokines, chemokines, receptors, phagocytosis and cell death related genes in iM0φ, iM1φs and iM2φ cells at 24hpi or 48 hpi. c Venn plot comparing the overlap of upregulated and downregulated genes upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in iM1φ and iM0φ cells at 24hpi. Bar graph showing the GO enrichments of the overlap genes. d GSEA diagrams comparing the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction following SARS-CoV-2 infection in iM0φ, iM1φ, and iM2φ at 24hpi. e Schematic of the experimental design of the macrophages on SARS-CoV-2 infection for plaque assay and RT-qPCR. f Comparative graph of plaque assay results in A549(negative control), Calu-3(positive control), H1-ESC-derived iMACs (H1-iM0φs/iM1φs/iM2φs) and iPSC-derived iMACs (iPSC-iM0φs/ iM1φs/iM2φs) on SARS-CoV-2 infection at 6,24 and 48 hpi, respectively. Virus was only detected in the supernatant of Calu-3 cells. n = 3 independent experiments. Data are presented as mean values ± SD. Statistically significant differences are calculated using an unpaired two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test. g Bar graph depicts RT-qPCR analysis of mRNA expression of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid in control cells and iMACs on SARS-CoV-2 infection at 6,24 and 48 hpi, respectively. Increased mRNA of virus was only detected in Calu-3 cells. n = 3 independent experiments. Data are presented as mean values ± SD. Statistically significant differences are calculated using an unpaired two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test.
