Fig. 1: Physical properties and synthetic scheme of Sn-based catalysts.
From: Exploring dopant effects in stannic oxide nanoparticles for CO2 electro-reduction to formate
a Synthetic pathway of well-dispersed Sn-based catalysts supported on carbon: (1) formation of metal-surfactant complex, (2) hydrolysis and condensation, (3) formation of micelle-like surfactant templates, and (4) hydrothermal treatment for recrystallization. HR-TEM images of b SnO2/C and c FTO/C catalysts (Inset: particle size distributions; average particle sizes and standard deviations fitted with a Gaussian function). d HAADF-STEM image and its energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping images of Sn (red), F (magenta), and layered image combining all maps for FTO/C. The signal collecting time was 5 min. e Powder XRD spectra of Sn-based catalysts with various dopants. It indicated that the no phase change occurred by dopants.
