Fig. 3: Epigenetic aging across COVID-19 disease phases.

a Acceleration of DNAm aging (five epigenetic clocks) and telomere attrition of the blood samples collected from uninfected control and patients at each clinical disease phase. b Dynamic change of epigenetic age acceleration in each individual across COVID-19 disease phases. The p value for each t-test is shown above the corresponding line. In the box plots, the lower and upper hinges indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles, and the black line within the box marks the median value. The whiskers extend from the hinges to the largest and smallest values no further than 1.5 × inter-quartile range from the hinges, and the points beyond the end of whiskers indicate outliers. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.