Fig. 3: Analysis of EML radiation patterns and outcoupling efficiency calculations. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Analysis of EML radiation patterns and outcoupling efficiency calculations.

From: Anisotropic nanocrystal superlattices overcoming intrinsic light outcoupling efficiency limit in perovskite quantum dot light-emitting diodes

Fig. 3

a Experimentally characterized (Exp.) and optical theory-calculated thin-film p-pol PL intensity as a function of viewing angle \(\phi\), using the thin-film horizontal dipole ratio \({\Theta }_{{{{{{\rm{H}}}}}}}\) as the control parameter. b Experimentally characterized (left) and theory-fitted (right; \({\Theta }_{{{{{{\rm{H}}}}}}}\) = 0.72) thin-film k-space radiation patterns considering the dielectric stack of EML/X-F6-TAPC/Glass. c Calculated far-field emission patterns (FEPs) generated by EMLs in our optimized LED stack for \({\Theta }_{{{{{{\rm{H}}}}}}}\) values of 0.44, 0.67, 0.72, and 0.91, revealing a stronger radiation power outcoupled to air by increasing EML \({\Theta }_{{{{{{\rm{H}}}}}}}\). d Calculated light outcoupling efficiency ηout as functions of the NC aspect ratio AR and dielectric contrast \(\widetilde{\epsilon }\), under the assumption of thin-film \({\Theta }_{{{{{{\rm{H}}}}}}}\) equal to \({\Theta }_{{{{{{\rm{IP}}}}}}}\) in individual NC.

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