Fig. 9: Breakthrough experiments and practical environmental contaminated water adsorption experiments.

Breakthrough experiments of (a) PAF-1-NDMB and DFB-CDP in aqueous PFOA/HA solutions (PFOA 500 ppb, HA 20 ppm). b PAF-1-NDMB and DFB-CDP in aqueous PFOA/HA solutions (PFOA 400 ppm, HA 20 ppm). c Adsorption performance of PAF-1-NDMB in removing practical contaminated water (initial concentration with 166.27 ppt). All the error bars in this figure represent the standard deviation (n = 3 independent experiments), data are presented as mean values ± SD.