Fig. 1: Schematic of the WTCL for real-time and in situ IOP monitoring and drug administration.

a Schematic of the WTCL for wireless IOP monitoring and administration. b Photograph of WTCL worn on the eyes of a live rabbit. c Schematic of wireless operation for the purpose of IOP monitoring and on-demand medicines administration in a minimally invasive manner. The soft device, engineered as a double-layer contact lens structure, was integrated with an LCR and a WPT receiver circuit. These modules were wirelessly connected to an external integrated antenna that could record the IOP signal and trigger iontophoresis for drug delivery if needed. Insert figures respectively highlight critical IOP sensing and drug delivery unit. d Structure of the WTCL in an exploded view. e Optical image of the WTCL.