Fig. 4: Cellular uptake and in vitro PDT effect of compound 1.

Subcellular colocalization images of compound 1 (10 μM) in MCF-7 cells with a lysosome-localized tracker LysoTracker Green (1 μM), b mitochondria-localized tracker Rhodamine 123 (1 μM), and c nuceu-localized tracker Hochest 33324 (1 μM), respectively. a–c right panel represents the colocalization coefficient of compound 1 and each tracker is 0.83, 0.38, and 0.11, respectively. Scale bar: 30 μm. d Dark toxicity of compound 1 on COS-7 cells and MCF-7 cells under normoxia. Data in (d) are presented as mean ± s.d. derived from n = 6 independent biological samples. e Cell viability of COS-7 cells and MCF-7 cells treated with increasing concentrations of compound 1 after exposure to white-light irradiation for 10 min (white light 20 mW/cm2). Data in (e) are presented as mean ± s.d. derived from n = 5 independent biological samples. f Live/dead cell costaining assays using Calcein-AM and propidium iodide as fluorescence probes under normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (1% O2) conditions (green fluorescence for live cells, red fluorescence for dead cells, white light 20 mW/cm2 for 10 min). Scale bar: 100 μm.