Fig. 8: Model of how multivalent, allosteric interactions between an eRNA and the paused elongation complex (PEC) stimulate Pol II pause release.
From: Enhancer RNAs stimulate Pol II pause release by harnessing multivalent interactions to NELF
Following the transcription of a nearby, activated enhancer, an eRNA molecule contacts the paused elongation complex (consisting of Pol II, DSIF, and NELF) at the target gene promoter. The eRNA interacts with NELF at multiple sites (positive patches on NELF-AC, the NELF-A and -E tentacles, and the NELF-E RRM domain). These multivalent, allosteric interactions collectively trigger NELF detachment from the PEC. The resulting elongation complex (consisting of Pol II and DSIF) then resumes transcription elongation. The length of the eRNA (>200) and unpaired guanosines within an eRNA are essential for its ability to detach NELF from the PEC.
