Fig. 2: Confocal laser scanning microscope photos for liquid flow in OM channels.

Liquid flow through (a) a complex channel and (b) a capillary-like pattern, respectively. c Two stream mixing at a T-junction channel. d Aqueous solution flow through a spiral pattern. In (a–c), the liquid is ethanol/water (9/1, v/v), and the fluorescent dyes are ATTO 495 (green) and ATTO 610 (red). In (d), the liquid is an acrylamide aqueous solution (5 wt%) and the fluorescent solute is a green fluorescent protein. Substrate: (a, b), silicon wafer, (c, d) cover glass. Scale bar, (a, b) 100 μm, (c) 0.5 mm, (d) 20 μm.