Fig. 1: Experimental activities for ammonia synthesis.
From: A spin promotion effect in catalytic ammonia synthesis
Overview of some of the most recent and promising catalysts reported for ammonia synthesis13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,26,27,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60. Most of the data points (filled symbols) are extracted from original references based on the following conditions: pressure = 10 bar, H2/N2 = 3. The open symbols are estimated values (at 10 bar) based on the original data reported at slightly lower pressures (9 bar). The curves in the upper right corner show the equilibrium activity over 0.1 g of catalyst in different overall flowrates (all H2/N2 = 3). Data from the industry-standard, the K-promoted Fe catalyst (KM1 from Haldor Topsøe)13 is included as a benchmark. The references for these catalysts are marked with superscripts. Superscript “a” indicates the prepared RuCs/C catalyst in this work.
