Fig. 1: Accuracy prompts significantly increase sharing discernment.

Meta-analytic estimate (via random effects meta-analysis) of the effect of accuracy prompts on sharing discernment across the 20 experiments analyzed in this paper. The coefficient on the interaction between condition and headline veracity and 95% confidence interval are shown for each study, and the meta-analytic estimate is shown with the red dotted line and blue diamond (positive values indicate that the treatment increased sharing discernment). We find significant heterogeneity in effect size across studies, Cochran’s Q test, Q(19) = 88.53, p < 0.001, I2 = 78.5% (k = 20 independent studies).