Fig. 8: Structural and morphological investigations of harvested cathode materials.

The contour plots and waterfall plots of de-sodiated a CuMgTi-571 and b NaMNO2 during the heating from 30 °C to 450 °C at 5 °C min−1, the tested samples during heating are de-sodiated cathode powder scraped from 4.2 V-charged cathodes. SEM images of the c CuMgTi-571 and d NaMNO2 cathodes in the discharged state of 2.0 V after 500 cycles at 1 C (120 mA g−1).