Fig. 1: Mechanisms and investigated compounds for nicotinamide reduction.

a Depiction of the photocatalytic and thermal catalytic hydrogenation of nicotinamides by the selected class of rhodium catalysts18,19,20,51. Photocatalysis: (I) light-driven two electron reduction of RhIII, (II) oxidative addition of a proton, (III) hydride transfer; Thermal catalysis: (Ith) coordination of formate and elimination of CO2, (III) hydride transfer. b Molecular structure of the investigated photocatalysts 2, 4 and 5.