Fig. 6: Transient-absorption spectroscopy of TiO2 at the Ti L2, 3-edge.

a XAS measured at the excited and ground states for anatase TiO2 NC and transient XAS measured at a time delay of +1 and +100 ps. Simulated transient spectra are shown in comparison. (Supplementary Fig. S9). b Normalized transient curves at the photon energies marked as M and N in a as a function of time delay. All transient signals showed abrupt changes by optical pumping. The decays are much faster at M than at N. These behaviors together with those in a indicate that the positive changes are faster than negative changes. Error bars correspond to the standard error.