Fig. 5: Hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates induced significantly higher levels of all three pro-inflammatory cytokines than heparin-induced WT aggregates.
From: Hyperphosphorylated tau self-assembles into amorphous aggregates eliciting TLR4-dependent responses
(i) TNF-a, (ii) IL-1β, and (iii) CCL5 ELISA assays were conducted on both a THP-1 human macrophage cells and b primary human macrophage cells to determine the pro-inflammatory responses mediated treatment by LPS, s-tau monomer or aggregates or heparin-induced WT aggregates or its monomeric control with or without the TLR4 antagonists RsLA or Tak-242. LPS and PBS served as the positive and negative controls. The P-values are based on unpaired two-sided Student’s t-test: **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, n.s. non-significant. Data are presented as mean values ± s.d. of three independent experiments except for a-(i) which had four independent experiments. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
