Fig. 1: GBM patient roadmap and survival.

a Therapeutic roadmap representing the clinical standard of care for primary and recurrent GBM patients. b Kaplan–Meier survival plot showing 10-year survival data of 587 GBM patients from the TCGA portal. c Genomic mutation analysis of GBM patient datasets revealing the potential for the development of receptor-targeted therapies. d Illustration showing the diagnostic application of circulating tumor cells (CTC) based stratification for patients and the potential for integration into mainline treatment. e Photomicrographs of target receptors’ staining by immunocytochemistry of patient GBM tumor blocks. f Photomicrographs of target receptors’ staining by immunocytochemistry of mice bearing GBM xenografts corresponding to tumor blocks in e. g Plot showing a comparison of target receptor expression between human tissue blocks and GBM xenografts (MX) implanted in mice (n = 3 randomly chosen microscopic fields/ sample/ marker). Image analysis was done with ImageJ. Scale bars 100 μM (e, f); Fluorescence: mCherry expression of Xenografts; NB: Normal Brain. Data are shown as mean ± S.D.