Fig. 1: Overview of the ten different tasks of the Medical Segmentation Decathlon (MSD).

The challenge comprised different target regions, modalities and challenging characteristics and was separated into seven known tasks (blue; the development phase: brain, heart, hippocampus, liver, lung, pancreas, prostate) and three mystery tasks (gray; the mystery phase: colon, hepatic vessels, spleen). MRI magnetic resonance imaging, mp-MRI multiparametric-magnetic resonance imaging, CT computed tomography.