Fig. 1: LARS1 regulates glucose-dependent mTORC1 activation.

a SW620 cells were starved of leucine for 1.5 h with or without 11 mM glucose, then 0.4 mM leucine was added for the indicated durations. b SW620 cells were starved of glucose for 4 h with or without 0.4 mM leucine, then 11 mM glucose was added for the indicated durations. c SW620 cells were starved of leucine for 1.5 h with or without 11 mM glucose, then 0.4 mM leucine was added for 15 min with or without 11 mM glucose. d HeLa cells were starved of leucine for 1.5 h with or without 25 mM glucose, then 0.8 mM leucine was added for 15 min with or without 25 mM glucose. Scale bars, 10 μm. e Colocalization of LARS1 and LAMP2 immunofluorescence staining of d. Mean±SD, n = 3 independent experiments. P-value was determined by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test. ns, not significant. f SW620 cells were starved of leucine for 1.5 h with or without 11 mM glucose, then 0.4 mM leucine was added for 15 min with or without 11 mM glucose. g SW620 cells were transfected with the indicated expression constructs. After 24 h, they were starved of leucine for 1.5 h with or without 11 mM glucose, then 0.4 mM leucine was added for 15 min with or without 11 mM glucose. h, i, j, k SW620 cells were transfected with the indicated expression constructs or siRNAs. After constructs or siRNAs transfection, they were starved of glucose for 4 h then 11 mM glucose was added for 30 min. l Summary of glucose metabolic pathways. Glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P); fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P); fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP); dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP); glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P); 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG); 6-phosphogluconate (6-PG); UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc); 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate (3-PHP); Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD); Glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1 (GFPT1); aldolase (ALDO); triose phosphate isomerase (TPI); 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH); pentose phosphate pathway (PPP); hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP); serine biosynthesis pathway (SBP). m SW620 cells were transfected with the indicated siRNAs. After 48 h, the cells were starved of glucose for 4 h, then 11 mM glucose was added for 30 min. Representative data of three experiments with similar results. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.