Table 2 Symptoms duration among self-reported COVID-19 cases in the longitudinal studies.

From: Long COVID burden and risk factors in 10 UK longitudinal studies and electronic health records

Study

COVID-19 cases with symptom duration data

Mean age

Duration of symptoms, N (%)

   

Acute (0–4 weeks)

Ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 (4–12 weeks)

Post COVID-19 syndrome (12+ weeks)

Studies ascertaining long COVID of any severity

ALSPAC G1

668

28.4

519 (77.7)

97 (14.5)

52 (7.8)

USoc

1033

48.5

742 (71.8)

182 (17.6)

109 (10.6)

TwinsUK

806

52.7

579 (71.8)

146 (18.1)

81 (10)

GS

335

55.9

224 (66.9)

54 (16.1)

57 (17.0)

ALSPAC G0

446

58.3

302 (67.7)

68 (15.2)

76 (17.0)

Studies ascertaining severe long COVID onlya

MCS

1055

19.9

1010 (95.7)

32 (3.0)

13 (1.2)

Next Steps

848

31.0

773 (91.2)

51 (6.0)

24 (2.8)

BCS70

889

51.0

757 (85.2)

84 (9.5)

48 (5.4)

NCDS

709

63.0

578 (81.5)

97 (13.7)

34 (4.8)

Studies ascertaining long COVID by monthly symptom reportingb

BiB

110

40.7

40 (36.4)

25 (22.7)

45 (40.9)

TwinsUK

953

54

272 (28.5)

246 (25.8)

435 (45.6)

  1. Studies are ordered from youngest to oldest mean age within categories of method of long COVID ascertainment.
  2. ALSPAC Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (Generations 0 and 1), BCS70 1970 British Cohort Study, BiB born in Bradford, GS generation Scotland, MCS Millennium Cohort Study, NCDS 1958 National Child Development Study, NS next steps, USoc Understanding Society.
  3. aQuestionnaires in these four cohorts asked respondents to report duration for which COVID-19 symptoms impeded normal function, rather than simply the duration of any symptoms (however mild) as in other studies. Hence proportions reporting long COVID in them are expected to be lower when compared to other cohorts with similar characteristics.
  4. bBased on symptom-counting approach over months, rather than self-reported duration of symptoms as in all other cohorts, which yields higher proportions of individuals being designated long COVID categories.