Fig. 6: Tumor-specific features were conserved in tumoroid models.

a–b Paired normal, pleomorphic adenoma (PA), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), and adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) tissues were processed for organoid cultures. a Organoid growth was observed under a brightfield microscope after 2 weeks of culture in tumor-GEM. Scale bars indicate 100 μm. b Histological examination was performed via H&E staining of tissues (top) and organoids (bottom). Scale bars indicate 50 μm. c The PA-specific expression of PLAG1 was assessed in tissues (left) and organoids (right) using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Paired adjacent tissues with normal histology were used as control. Nuclei were stained with hematoxylin. Scale bars indicate 50 μm. d The AdCC-specific expression of c-Kit was assessed in tissues (left) and organoids (right) using IHC staining. Paired adjacent tissues with normal histology were used as control. Nuclei were stained with hematoxylin. Scale bars indicate 50 μm. e The MEC-specific expression of MUC1 was assessed in tissues (left) and organoids (right) using IHC staining. Paired adjacent tissues with normal histology were used as control. Nuclei were stained with hematoxylin. Scale bars indicate 50 μm. f, g Tumoroids were cultured with or without the p53 inhibitor nutlin-3 (10 μM) for 5 days. Nutlin-3-sensitive (top) or -resistant (bottom) organoids were assessed for growth under a brightfield microscope f while the expression of p53 was evaluated via IHC g. Nuclei were stained with hematoxylin in IHC data. Scale bars indicate 500 μm in (f) and 50 μm in (g). h Diverse sensitivity to radiation was observed in MEC or AdCC tumoroids. Cell viability was assessed at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 Gy (n = 5). Cell viability of tumoroids without irradiation was normalized as 100% viability. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.