Fig. 1: Hydraulic trait differences between growth forms.

A Lianas have substantially greater stem-specific hydraulic conductivity (K_s,max) and B marginally less negative pressure at which 50% xylem function is lost (P₅₀). C Slope of the percent loss of conductivity (PLC) curve does not differ between growth forms. Results derived from our extended meta­-analysis, which combines observations from the TRY database with more recent hydraulic trait measurements. Red violins represent lianas, blue violins represent trees. Black crosses represent medians for each growth form. Number of species for which each trait was measured is indicated below the growth form name.