Fig. 4: Effect of layer curvature on montmorillonite-electrolyte ion-density profiles in 0.1 M lithium chloride.
From: Ion complexation waves emerge at the curved interfaces of layered minerals
a Single exfoliated layer with low curvature. b Single layer with intermediate curvature. c Highly curved layer in an osmotic hydrate stack. Colored according to local curvature, H (Supplementary Information). d Average ion-density profiles from within 20 nm of convex and concave sides of the low-curvature layer. Shading indicates the percentile of observations accounted for from 128,180 individual profiles (i.e., ‘10%’ includes the 10% lowest absorbance points at each distance). e Ion-density profile from the intermediate-curvature layer. f Average ion-density profiles between stacked layers (note difference in scale). g Non-negative matrix factorization (NNMF) of all absorbance profiles in (d), showing first two factors, f1 (Mt) and f2 (Li). h Increasingly asymmetric f2 in NNMF profile of curved layer in (b). i Highly asymmetric NNMF f2 for curved stacked layer.
