Fig. 4: Distribution of Methanobacteriales ASVs among mammal species.

The phylogenetic tree (maximum-likelihood, GTR + G4) of Methanobacteriales was built with nearly full length 16S rRNA genes sequences from literature and the ASVs sequences from this study. For display purposes, the shown tree includes only the ASVs representing more than 1% of the sequences per sample, and no sequence from literature. Presence/absence of ASVs in animals is indicated by coloured highlighted/blank squares. Animal were gathered by mammalian orders, each with a different colour, as indicated on the top. Black boxes highlight archaeal clades preferentially present in a given host order, except for the Insect+insectivores clade composed of archaea preferentially present in insectivorous animals from different mammalian orders and insects (mostly termites, sequences from the literature). Clades corresponding to the boxes are labelled with thick lines on the phylogenetic tree. Species names in front of the tree indicate the position of cultured representatives of the Methanobacteriales. The percentages on the right indicate the proportion of reads from Methanobacteriales that were annotated as Methanobrevibacter (orange background), Methanosphaera (yellow background), Methanobacterium (blue background) and Methanothermobacter (pink background).