Fig. 2: Role of El Niño in post-eruption EASM change based on reconstructions.
From: Tropical volcanism enhanced the East Asian summer monsoon during the last millennium
Superposed epoch analysis results of East Asian precipitation anomalies (shading) in the first boreal summer after a 9 tropical eruptions with and b 13 eruptions without an El Niño in the first winter after the eruption, and after c 148 non-volcanic El Niños during the period of 1470–1999 AD. An El Niño event is defined by the average of the 11 reconstructions of the ENSO index (see “Methods”). Stippling indicates precipitation anomalies not significant at the 90% confidence level. The red curve is the Yangtze River, and the red box indicates the EASM region. This figure was created using MATLAB 2020a (http://www.mathworks.com).
