Fig. 1: Relationships between the interannual variability (IAV) of global net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and terrestrial water storage (TWS) or temperature (T).
The correlation (a) and partial correlation (b) between the IAV of global NEE and the IAVs of global mean TWS (rTWS) or T (rT) are estimated. The IAV of CO2 growth rate (CGR) is a proxy of the IAV of global NEE. The NEE is also estimated by atmospheric inversions, dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) from the TRENDY project in simulation S2 (NEE output; see Methods) and in simulation S3 (NBP output with the opposite sign; see Methods), and FLUXCOM models. Cyan (red) circles indicate the correlations between global NEE and TWS (T). Error bars for atmospheric inversions and FLUXCOM models indicate the range of models, while the error bars for DGVMs from the TRENDY project are the 1-σ inter-model spread. The NEE derived from FLUXCOM models and DGVMs from the TRENDY project in S2 (NEE output) do not include disturbances (e.g., fire emissions), but the NEE in atmospheric inversions and DGVMs from the TRENDY project in S3 (NBP output with the opposite sign) include disturbances. A larger NEE indicates less net carbon uptake.
