Table 2 Mediation of association between 6-month drought and diarrhea risk in children by water, sanitation, and hygiene practices.

From: Associations between long-term drought and diarrhea among children under five in low- and middle-income countries

 

Total effect (95% CI)

Direct effect (95% CI)

Indirect effect (Empirical 95% CI)

Percent mediated

Mild drought

1.058

1.051

1.007

11.6%

 

(1.028–1.088)

(1.022–1.081)

(0.996–1.015)

 

Severe drought

1.135

1.107

1.025

19.5%

 

(1.088–1.184)

(1.062–1.155)

(1.011–1.033)

 
  1. Empirical 95% CI: 95% confidence interval for indirect effect generated from 1000 bootstrap samples; percent mediated: proportion of association between drought and diarrhea mediated by water, sanitation, and hygiene variables, calculated as the difference between the drought exposure coefficient from the main model (total effect; adjusted for meteorological parameters, seasonality, long-term trend, and baseline characteristics) and the drought exposure coefficient from the WASH-adjusted model (direct effect; further adjusted for WASH variables) divided by the drought exposure coefficient from the main model. The main and adjusted models used the same set of observations, with no missing values for all variables included in the adjusted model (N = 365,975).
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