Fig. 3: Trap formation impacting charge recombination and transport.
From: Traps and transport resistance are the next frontiers for stable non-fullerene acceptor solar cells
a Ideality factor of fresh and aged devices for illumination intensities ranging from 0.003 suns to 1 sun. b The electrical conductivity σ near open-circuit conditions and the estimated intrinsic charge carrier density ni, for various aging durations. c Experimental and simulated CV curves under 1 sun-equivalent illumination.
