Fig. 1: The reaction pathways and network for the hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis of HMF to DMF. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: The reaction pathways and network for the hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis of HMF to DMF.

From: A unique Co@CoO catalyst for hydrogenolysis of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-dimethylfuran

Fig. 1

Path 1. HMF is first hydrogenated to BHMF, than converted to DMF step-by-step through hydrogenolysis, with BHMF and HMMF as the intermediates. Path 2: HMF is converted to 5-MF through hydrogenolysis, followed by hydrogenation and further hydrogenolysis to DMF, with 5-MF and HMMF as the intermediates. Minor reaction: HMF is first hydrogenated to BHMF, followed by the saturation of furan ring in each step, even with the opening of tetrahydrofuran ring.

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