Fig. 4: Nonsynonymous SNPs in MePOLD1.

a Dendrogram of Manihot esculenta cultivars analysed by whole genome sequencing. Nonsynonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) in MePOLD1 of various cultivars segregate with CMD2 resistance. Names of resistant cultivars are in blue and harbour either the V528L (cyan), G680V (orange), or L685F (blue) mutation. b Average CMD severity across a diverse set of cassava cultivars from the HapMapII population³⁷ that have either one of the three mutations from (a) or an unknown nsSNP in MePOLD1 ("Other”). c Identity of all nsSNPs in MePOLD1 of varieties from the “Other” category in (b). Varieties are split by CMD severity score, where less than 2 and above 2 are resistant and susceptible, respectively. In green are the nsSNPs found only in cultivars with CMD severity scores below 2; all other nsSNPs are in grey. d Three-dimensional structure of S. cerevisiae POLD1 (PDB: 3IAY) with corresponding MePOLD1 mutations highlighted; V528L in cyan, G680V in orange, and L685F in blue. Additional residues identified in (c), L685F and L598W, are in green. Residue name and position in ScPOLD1 are noted and the corresponding information for MePOLD1 is in parentheses. POLD1 functional domains, N-terminal (beige), exonuclease (grey), and structural motifs of the polymerase domain, palm (pink), fingers (white), and thumb (blue), are highlighted. e Zoomed in view of the 3D structure centred on the mutated residues found in MePOLD1.