Fig. 6: Performance of BPM electrolyzers with various WD catalysts.
From: Design principles for water dissociation catalysts in high-performance bipolar membranes
a Cell voltage of BPM electrolyzers as a function of spray-coated loading of various WD catalysts at 450 mA cm−2. Lines are added to serve as a guide for the eye. For various TiO2, A = anatase and R = rutile. The number denotes the size of the nanoparticles (nm) provided by the manufacture. ATO = Sb:SnO2. b Cell voltage of BPM electrolyzers as a function of the mass ratio of acetylene carbon black (ACB) and TiO2-P25 at 150 mA cm−2. The blue line is for a thick layer of ∼120 μg cm−2 (∼2.4 μm) TiO2-P25, and the green line is for a thin layer of TiO2-P25 at optimal loading ∼18 μg cm−2 (∼360 nm). Only one of each type of device was fabricated for the data in this figure to illustrate trends, except for TiO2-P25. The error was estimated to be less than 5% (one standard deviation) based on seven devices fabricated with the best loading of TiO2-P25 catalysts (Supplementary Fig. S3). Insets are schematic proposed electric-potential profiles across the BPM junction.
