Fig. 4: Device simulations of lead-iodide perovskite LED and Ir(ppy)3 phosphorescent OLED using Setfos. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Device simulations of lead-iodide perovskite LED and Ir(ppy)3 phosphorescent OLED using Setfos.

From: Ultralow-voltage operation of light-emitting diodes

Fig. 4

a Energy level diagram of a lead-iodide perovskite LED. b Energy level diagram of a Ir(ppy)3 OLED. c Simulated EL intensity-voltage characteristics of a lead-iodide perovskite LED. d Simulated EL intensity-voltage characteristics of a Ir(ppy)3 OLED. e Simulated electron and hole density distributions in the perovskite LED under different voltages. The shaded regions in grey, light green, pink, light blue and yellow correspond to cathode, ZnO, perovskite, TFB and anode, respectively. f Simulated electron and hole density distributions in the Ir(ppy)3 OLED under different voltages. The shaded regions in grey, pink, light green, light blue and yellow correspond to anode, PEDOT:PSS, CBP:Ir(ppy)3, TPBi and cathode, respectively.

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