Table 1 Measured minimum operating voltages of different LEDs studied in this work.
Device type | Emissive material | EL peak wavelength (nm) | Bandgap (Eg) (eV) | Measured minimum voltage (Vm) (V) | ΔE (eV) | qVm/Eg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perovskite LED | FAPbI3 (FPI) perovskite | 800 | 1.55 | 0.86 | 0.69 | 55% |
Perovskite LED | NFPI perovskite | 790 | 1.56 | 0.72 | 0.84 | 46% |
Perovskite LED | PCPB perovskite | 515 | 2.40 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 63% |
Phosphorescent OLED | Ir(ppy)3 | 521 | 2.38 | 1.7 | 0.68 | 71% |
Phosphorescent OLED | FIrpic | 473 | 2.63 | 1.9 | 0.73 | 72% |
TADF OLED | 4CzIPN | 528 | 2.35 | 1.72 | 0.63 | 73% |
Polymer OLED | F8BT | 538 | 2.30 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 74% |
Fluorescent small-molecule OLED | Rubrene | 563 | 2.20 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 36% |
II–VI QLED | CdSe/ZnS | 631 | 1.96 | 1.1 | 0.86 | 56% |
III–V inorganic LED | GaN | 461 | 2.69 | 1.7 | 1.00 | 63% |
III–V inorganic LED | GaAsP | 570 | 2.17 | 1.25 | 0.92 | 60% |
III–V inorganic LED | GaP | 593 | 2.09 | 1.3 | 0.79 | 62% |
III–V inorganic LED | AlGaP | 633 | 1.95 | 1.4 | 0.55 | 65% |
III–V inorganic LED | InAlGaP | 800 | 1.55 | 0.78 | 0.77 | 50% |
III–V inorganic LED | AlGaAs | 820 | 1.51 | 0.72 | 0.79 | 48% |
III–V inorganic LED | GaAs | 880 | 1.40 | 0.60 | 0.8 | 43% |
III–V inorganic LED | InGaAsP | 960 | 1.29 | 0.54 | 0.75 | 42% |
