Fig. 1: Potentiating hypoxia by PDT for antibiotic activation to combat MRSA biofilm infections.

a Schematic illustration of the structure of HA-Ce6-MNZ nanoparticles (HCM NPs, hyaluronic acid (HA), chlorin e6 (Ce6), metronidazole (MNZ)). b The therapeutic processes of MRSA biofilms, including the release of Ce6 and MNZ, PDT-potentiated hypoxia, activation of MNZ, elimination of bacterial biofilms, and infected tissue healing.