Fig. 2: Temperature sensitivities (ST, change in days per degree Celsius) of start of season (SOS) in the current year in response to increasing temperature during previous growing season based upon PEP725 dataset.

The calculated ST was based upon records of spring leaf unfolding for 9 temperate tree species at 2322 sites in Europe. a Distribution of the calculated ST across all species and sites (N = 11,369). b Difference in the ST among tree species. The black dash lines indicate when ST is equal to zero. The box spans from the first to the third quartile, with intermediate values marked as the black line in the middle of the box. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test was used to test the difference in the ST between species, two-sided test was used to calculate P values and different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). The sample size and calculated P values were listed in Supplementary Tables 2, 3.