Fig. 1: Study design and main results.

*Red flag risk factors and clinical indicators for Early-Onset Neonatal Infection (EONI). Antibiotic treatment was started if any red flag or two or more non-red-flag risk factors or clinical indicators were identified. See ref. 18 for the complete National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) EONI screening guidelines in place during the study period. GBS Group B Streptococcus, PROM premature rupture of membranes, EEG electroencephalography, PIPP-R premature infant pain profile-revised, EMG electromyography, ECG electrocardiogram, CRP C-reactive protein.