Fig. 3: Effects of ALD modification on lithium morphology.
From: Electrical resistance of the current collector controls lithium morphology
a–d Top-view SEM images of lithium deposits formed on bare copper and copper modified with SnO2, ZnO, and Al2O3, respectively after the first cycle of lithium deposition at 1 mA/cm2 with an electrodeposition capacity of 1 mAh/cm2. e–h Cross-sectional SEM images of lithium deposits formed on bare copper and copper modified with SnO2, ZnO, and Al2O3, respectively, after the first cycle of lithium deposition at 1 mA/cm2 with an electrodeposition capacity of 1 mAh/cm2. i–l Top-view SEM images of lithium deposits formed on bare copper and copper modified with SnO2, ZnO, and Al2O3, respectively, in the 51st cycle of lithium deposition after 50 cycles of electrochemical cycling at 1 mA/cm2 with an electrodeposition capacity of 1 mAh/cm2 in each cycle.
