Fig. 1: Hidden spin in TMDs.

a Real-space structure of 2H-WSe2. A single unit cell is highlighted. Dashed line indicates the division between top (t) and bottom (b) sublayers (SL). Arrows indicate the direction of the effective electric field originating from W-Se dipoles. b Schematic of the sub-layer resolved valence band structure of bulk 2H-WSe2. Colours indicate the direction of the out-of-plane Rashba-type spin polarisation; c, d Equivalent schematics for 1T-HfSe2. The effective out-of-plane dipole originating from Hf-Se bonds is localised to a half unit cell, giving rise to an in-plane Rashba splitting of the px,y bands around the Γ point. W, Hf and Se atoms are in cyan, grey and red, respectively.