Fig. 1: Rational design of amorphous copolymers for organic phosphorescent scintillation and the related emissive processes under X-ray irradiation.

After X-ray irradiates the polymers and ejects the inner electrons of the halogen atoms, plenty of electrons and holes are produced. Then the recombination of holes and electrons produces singlet and triplet excitons. Among them, radiative transitions of the excitons generate radioluminescence under ambient conditions. Fluo. and Phos. refer to fluorescence and phosphorescence, respectively.