Fig. 3: Top-of-atmosphere radiative forcing (RF, W/m2) due to projected urbanization.
From: Albedo changes caused by future urbanization contribute to global warming
The RF due to altered land surface albedo in 2030–2100 relative to 2018 for three illustrative scenarios: a SSP1-2.6, b SSP2-4.5, and c SSP5-8.5. The shaded area shows the 90% confidence intervals resulting from urbanization likelihood based on 100 urban expansion simulations.
