Fig. 1: Mammal assemblages undergo biotic homogenization during the Holocene (sample sizes in Source Data).
From: Late quaternary biotic homogenization of North American mammalian faunas
Mammals larger than 1 kg commence homogenizing during the 15,000–10,000 ybp time bin, but the onset of homogenization is delayed until after 10,000 ybp for assemblages including all mammals. Mammals larger than 1 kg are more homogenous than null expectations by the 10,000–5,000 ybp time bin while assemblages of all mammals are more homogenous than null expectations by the 5,000–500 ybp time bin. Change in mean taxonomic similarity (Jaccard similarity index) among sites ± the standard error of the mean. Gray ribbon shows the mean of the null model runs (sites shuffled among time bins) with 95% confidence intervals. Dates of the mammal sites are based on calibrated radiocarbon dates (See Material and Methods). Extinction of the mammal megafauna in North America (ME). The modern time bin (1980’s–2010’s) is portrayed as larger to enhance readability.
