Fig. 8: Lysine’s metabolic physiology is altered in humans at risk for hypertensive kidney disease.
From: Accelerated lysine metabolism conveys kidney protection in salt-sensitive hypertension
A Pilot study design. Kidney healthy volunteers and patients at risk for development of hypertensive kidney disease (solitary kidney, or hypertension and mild proteinuria of <1 g/24 h) were included and subjected to oral lysine, followed by 12 h urine collection. B Albuminuria in healthy and risk patients (n = 5 independent patients per group) induced by lysine. * <0.05 in a paired t-test. C Metabolomic analysis of urine of healthy and risk patients. Reduction of TCA cycle metabolites was observed while modified lysine metabolites were increased. Intensities are normalized to UCreatinine, n = 5 independent patients per group, two-tailed paired t-test. D Summary depicting discovery of lysine-dependent kidney protection by proximal tubule protection, metabolome alterations due to shifting cellular metabolism and sinking central carbon conjugate metabolites in the urine. Source data for this figure is available.
