Fig. 8: PHLDA1/2 proteins are highly expressed in human clinical cancers.

a, b Representative immunohistochemical staining for PHLDA1 (a) and PHLDA2 (b) in tumor and corresponding normal tissues of lung, pancreas, and colon. Right graphs show the staining profiles of PHLDA1/2 in normal (N) and tumor (T) specimens. Scale bars, 60 μm. P-values were assessed using the Mann–Whitney U test. c, d Analyses of PHLDA1-3 mRNA expression in normal vs. various cancer tissues (c), and in normal vs. colon cancer tissues harboring mutations in the indicated oncogenes (d) based on the TCGA and GEO databases. Each horizontal bar represents the mean. Significance was determined using two-tailed Student t-test (c) or using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (d). ns, not significant. Numbers in parentheses indicate sample sizes. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.