Fig. 2: Differences in gene expression between adapted and non-adapted parasites.

a Kinship coefficient analysis of SNPs in adapted and non-adapted parasites. b SAM of the 3 pairs of non-adapted and adapted parasite strains using a delta of 0.55. Red: upregulated genes; green: downregulated genes. c Heatmap of upregulated and downregulated DEGs identified using an FDR of 0.01. Each column represents a different parasite strain. Each row represents a DEG (average over the six different time points). VSAs are identified. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. d Top three GO biological processes that were significantly enriched in DEGs. e Adapted parasites (top row) and non-adapted parasites (bottom row) were either stained with isotype control antibody or PAM1.4 antibody, followed by FITC-labeled secondary antibody and flow cytometry. Shown are staining profiles of forward scatter (FSC) versus PAM1.4. The numbers indicate percentages of parasites that are positive for PAM1.4 (VAR2CSA).