Fig. 3: Critical resilience limits.

Average critical % of removals in federal states per specialty until limits of free capacity (a) and lost patients (b) are reached. Critical limits are 1% for lost patients and 20% for remaining free capacity. Darker colours indicate a higher number of physicians who can be removed before exceeding critical limits. Tables including the standard deviation of simulation results are given in Supplementary Tables 2 and 3. For a list of abbreviations of specialists see Table 1.