Fig. 10: Interaction and interconnection between tectonics, climate, and surface processes.

a Dark blue line represents the average sediment flux within the Basin and Range Province based on the palinspastically restored history of sediments from Macrostrat since the late Eocene. Red line represents simulated average sediment flux within the Basin and Range Province based on surface processes simulations from the late Eocene to present. b–g Simulated paleo-elevation and drainage in southwestern North America at 36, 30, 24, 18, 12, and 6 Ma, respectively. Panel ‘c’ shows north and northeast drainage onto the Colorado Plateau from the Nevadaplano and Mogollon Highlands. Panel ‘d’ shows a drainage reversal to the south. Panel ‘e’ shows drainage out of the Colorado Plateau to the southwest. SD Sespe Delta, PGCD Paleo Grand Canyon Drainage, GC Grand Canyon, CR Colorado River, BB Baca Basin. The map images were created by authors using: www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ and www.paraview.org/.